Krudanta 002.. Curious case of Adjectives.. Diversity in roopam and lingam

Sujatha Ratnala
2 min readApr 23, 2024

In a spoken conversation meetup, I was trying to form sentences.. I was goofing up lingas bigtime. No reason or rhyme of linga bheda.. मनस् and ब्रह्मा are neutral.. समुद्रः masculine, where as नदी सरित् सिंधुः all feminine..

On top of that.. the adjectives in a sentence had to follow linga and vibhakti.

But that landed a curious question.. If these nouns were so strict about the gender tagging.. How is it that the adjectives could flex? They were also some kind of nouns.. Did adjectives come in all genders?

सुन्दर पुरुषः vs सुन्दरी स्त्री

Alright.. सुन्दर/सुन्दरी.. These are abstract.. Perhaps that enabled multiple both genders.
आनन्दः हर्षः
. But these are abstract too.. . How come these are only masculine? Is there a feminine form? Should there be feminine form for all words? I had these vague questions in my mind.

Adjectives are sama adhikarana.. The visheshaNa points to the same topic as the Visheshya.. Hence they follow the linga, vibhakti and vachana.

After some weeks I realised. These adjectives were generative in nature..

Some of the Krudanta families. They supported adjective forms in all lingas.. The root नन्द् which means ‘happy’.. We can see a spectrum of generated adjectives in all genders..

अनीयर् नन्दनीयः,नन्दनीया {worthy of pleasing}
तव्य नन्दितव्यः,नन्दितव्या {worthy of pleasing}

क्त नन्दितः,नन्दिता {having pleased}
शतृँ नन्दन्, नन्दन्ती {pleasing}
क्तवतुँ नन्दितवान्,नन्दितवती {pleased}

तृच् नन्दिता,नन्दित्री {pleaser}
ण्वुल् नन्दकः,नन्दिका {pleaser}

Hence we get these kind of adjectives..

रमणीयः / रमणीया
तूषितः / तूषिता
नन्दितः / नन्दिता

And there are some krudantAs that support only a specific gender.

LyuT nandanam (N)
Yuch archanA (S)
Lyu nandanah (P)

Likewise, feminine forms of nouns are extended through stree pratyaya. सुन्दरी form of सुन्दर perhaps comes from here.

A deeper note on Adjectives.. They are of two kinds.

The first kind is the common understanding.. A cat vs Black cat. By tagging a qualifier, the set of Cats under discussion get reduced.

The second kind is what we find in BhajaGovindam, Lalita Shasranamam, VishnuSahasraNamams.. Enumerating the properties of an object.

A cat has 2 eyes
A cat has a tail
A cat has 4 legs.
Vishnu is X Y Z
Samsaara is X Y Z..

And the XYZ being properties/illustrations, may not exactly sound like adjectives.

Well, I may have to sail through several lessons to get a clearer understanding.. My parlance not in accordance to Spec. But my doubt at rest.

Shree Gurubyoh Namah

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Sujatha Ratnala

I write.. I weave.. I walk.. कवयामि.. वयामि.. यामि.. Musings on Patterns, Science, Linguistics, Sanskrit et al..